You can force the Steam Survey Popup to appear on Linux as follows:
1) Entirely shutdown / quit from steam.
2) run: sed -i -e '/\"SurveyDate\"/ s/"[0-9].*"/"'$(date +%Y-%m-%d -d "1 year ago")'"/' ~/.local/share/Steam/config/config.vdf
sed -i -e '/\"SurveyDate\"/ s/"[0-9].*"/"'$(date +%Y-%m-%d -d "1 year ago")'"/' ~/.local/share/Steam/config/config.vdf
3) Start steam.
Source: Reddit, Changes: Reddit
